Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in nursing. Developed by Madeleine Leininger in the 1950s, this theory provides a framework for understanding the relationship between culture and healthcare. It highlights the need…
Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring is a middle-range theory that emphasizes the essential role of caring in nursing practice. Developed in the early 1990s, the theory outlines five key processes that define caring interactions between nurses and patients: knowing, being…
The Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition, developed by Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus in 1980, is a prominent framework for understanding how people develop skills over time. The model identifies five progressive stages of expertise—Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert—each…
Holistic patient care is a cornerstone of modern nursing practice. To address the diverse needs of patients, nurses require comprehensive tools that assess not only physical health but also psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns, developed by…
Understanding the complexities of human life and illness requires a perspective that not only considers medical aspects but also takes into account the individual’s social, psychological, and emotional experiences. One framework that offers a holistic view of human life, particularly…
Chronic illness is a condition that persists over time, often causing significant changes in an individual’s physical, emotional, and social well-being. The management of chronic illnesses involves complex, long-term care and understanding how patients adapt to living with such conditions.…
Kathryn Barnard’s Parent-Child Interaction Model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamics between parents and children, with a particular focus on how these interactions influence child development. The model is grounded in the belief that early parent-child interactions significantly impact…
Afaf Meleis’ Transitions Theory offers a comprehensive framework to understand the process of transition in individuals, particularly in health care contexts. The theory focuses on the changes or shifts individuals experience across different stages of life, and how these transitions affect…
Marlaine Smith’s Theory of Unitary Caring integrates the concepts of caring and humanistic nursing into a unified framework. The theory focuses on the interconnectedness of the nurse and patient, emphasizing holistic care that nurtures the human experience. Smith’s theory is grounded in…
